Deterring Gray-Zone Warfare
Gray-zone warfare has become a central feature of strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific, enabling adversaries to erode deterrence through coercive actions below the threshold of armed conflict. The chapter argues that restoring deterrence requires clear differentiation between actions that can be deterred and those that must be managed, combined with stronger whole-of-government coordination, allied integration, calibrated risk acceptance, targeted costs for perpetrators, and resilience that complements credible punishment and denial.
